Give scientific reasons: Hepatitis $B$ and Bird flu $DNA$ vaccines are called Recombinant $DNA$ vaccines.

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(N/A) Hepatitis $B$ and Bird flu $DNA$ vaccines are called Recombinant $DNA$ vaccines because they are produced using recombinant $DNA$ technology. These vaccines consist of a small circular $DNA$ molecule (plasmid) into which a specific gene segment from the pathogen (virus) has been inserted. When this plasmid is introduced into the host,the host cells express the specific protein encoded by the pathogen's gene,which triggers an immune response without causing the actual disease.

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Which method is used to amplify a desired gene in large numbers?

Select the correct statement from the following.

Arrange the steps of $\text{rDNA}$ technology in the correct order$:-$
$(I.)$ Extraction of the desired gene product.
$(II.)$ Amplification of the gene of interest.
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$(V.)$ Insertion of $\text{rDNA}$ into the host.
The correct order is$:-$

In the context of blue-white screening,non-recombinant bacterial colonies appear blue in contrast to white recombinant colonies because:

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